Why do Italians’ financial skills struggle to improve? Reflections on ONEEF’s data and proposals for the future


Abstract

Surveys on the financial literacy levels of Italians show that there are still many categories of people at risk of social exclusion; OECD-PISA surveys show that from 2012 to 2018 the financial skills of Italian 15-year-olds have not improved, while recent Bank of Italy surveys show a high diversity of financial literacy levels among adults. From the analysis of the data of the second national survey of the National Observatory of Economic and Financial Education (ONEEF) concerning 2019-2020, Some reflections were launched on the reasons why Italians' financial literacy has not improved, on how to improve the effectiveness of financial education interventions, on how to optimise the socio-economic inclusion of Italians and on the role of schools.