Online hate speech is receiving more and more attention in the present society as a great concern: this phenomenon is rapidly increasing, mainly through the widespread use of social media that expose young people to dangerous content. This makes it urgent to define an integrated and interdisciplinary strategy for preventing and contrasting hate speech since childhood. Starting from an analysis of international literature on initiatives and approaches undertaken to educate youth to face online hate speech, this study aims at defining a theoretical framework that could inspire media education initiatives providing students with a sense of civic responsibility and actively involving them. The framework was designed adopting the perspective of socio-cultural ecosystems; it maps the possible strategies and actions to prevent and contrast hate speech.